Dollo character coding corresponds to a model in which each derived state is allowed to originate only once during evolution, and all homoplasy takes the form of reversals to the ancestral condition (Swofford and Begle 1993).
Analysis of progeny from XYY males is a complex but sensitive assay for the role of chromosome pairing because progeny will usually be derived from X-bearing eggs fertilized by X, Y, XY, or YY sperm, which are each derived from different pairing configurations.
Observers were blind to the period, the journal, the authors, the method (meta-analysis, randomized, non randomized), and the methodological quality from which each conclusion was derived.
The operator was blinded to the treatment group from which each cornea was derived.
This highlights one of the potential key strengths of this study as it tests the CDRs in a setting different to that in which each one was derived.
The entire colony from which each subclone was derived was saved for future reference, since the colony population reflects the history of the revertant clone.
To identify the corresponding gene from which each EST was derived, the EST sequences were mapped onto the T. spiralis draft genome sequencing using BLASTN.
High-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis has been used to monitor the impact of these population changes on individual and community levels of autozygosity - defined as homozygosity in which each allele is derived from the same ancestral gene (that is, is identical by descent).
Morphometric root classification was used to characterize the architectural root order from which each Pythium isolate was derived.
Gestalt unity is a unity in a structure of which one is conscious, where the way in which each part appears is derived from the structure of the whole (Tye 2003, pp. 11 5; Bayne and Chalmers 2003, p. 27).
