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Then, selecting which communications to collect from those links that are being accessed: GCHQ applies levels of filtering and selection such that only a fraction of the material on those bearers is collected.
Moreover, because §1881a at most authorizes — but does not mandate or direct — the surveillance that [plaintiffs] fear, [plaintiffs'] allegations are necessarily conjectural.... Simply put, [plaintiffs] can only speculate as to how the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence will exercise their discretion in determining which communications to target".
Teachers were also keen to suggest ways in which communications to parents may have been improved to help recruitment.
Similar(56)
"In the cold war days, you knew which communications circuits to watch," he said.
Oftentimes, executives hem and haw over which communications avenue to use and then furiously punch away at the different devices in search of their coworkers.
"If the government can prove that warrantless search of American communications keeps Americans safe, why does Wray rely on hypotheticals?" Section 702 is hotly contested for its role in a surveillance practice known as incidental collection, in which communications unrelated to a surveillance target are swept up in the process.
"You need to figure out who you are trying to talk to and which communications tools are right for you," she explains.
She said she knew of cases in which communications problems had led to lawsuits over Southampton Hospital bills.
Deregulation in 1996 allowed new competition, and the proliferation of the Internet and other new technologies created a race in which communications companies have scrambled to get bigger.
The episode also illuminates the extent to which communications between the president's aides and Mr. Blair had deteriorated during a period of particular alarm about terrorist threats to the United States.
It involves three stages of targeting, filtering and selection: First, choosing which communications links, or bearers, to access: GCHQ's systems operate on a very small percentage of the bearers that make up the internet.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com