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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which characterizes that
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "which characterizes that" is not correct and sounds awkward in written English.
It may be intended to describe a specific quality or feature of something, but it lacks clarity and proper context. Example: "The study presents a theory which characterizes that phenomenon as a result of environmental factors."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Encyclopedias
Alternative expressions(20)
that exemplifies
which specifies that
which identifies that
that denotes
that is indicative of
that features
which describes that
which declares that
what I'm saying is
which is that
which illustrates that
which indicated that
which argues that
put another way
that means
which indicates that
specifically
which believes that
which encompasses that
which says that
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
1 human-written examples
TEM image for Mn Al mixed oxide (Fig. 4) shows two distinct morphology, the first is a hexagonal plate structure which characterizes that gamma-alumina species are well dispersed on the external surfaces of the second structure which is a rod- or fiber-like morphology characterizing Mn oxides species.
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
59 human-written examples
But the government has declined to accept a direct offer of help from the Obama administration, which characterized that decision as disappointing in a post on the official White House blog by Denis McDonough, the deputy national security adviser.
News & Media
The result of their work is the EXTIRE framework, which characterizes the transitions that take place during tinkering.
First, the diversity of Miocene apes was much greater than that which characterizes the group today.
Encyclopedias
We analyze the approximation performance of SEIP using the partial ratio, which characterizes the approximation ratio that can be guaranteed.
Science
This aspect is retained in the view of Lewis 1996, which characterizes a contextualist approach that is more similar to quantifiers and modals.
Science
Thomas Nagel famously argued (1974) that are unavoidable limits placed on our ability to understand the phenomenology of bat experience by our inability to empathetically take on an experiential perspective like that which characterizes the bat's echo-locatory auditory experience of its world.
Science
This striking stereoisomer-dependent structural difference is a manifestation of the " S" effect in PAH-derived stereoisomeric DNA adducts, which characterizes the steric effects that cause greater conformational flexibility in adducts with S than with R stereochemistry at the linkage site.
Science
In Illinois, as in many other areas of North America (25 ), there is growing public health concern over the emergence of Lyme disease (26 ); although, the statewide incidence in Illinois over the study period (1.1 cases/100,000 persons) was an order of magnitude lower than that which characterizes the Lyme disease endemic regions in the northeastern United States (27 ).
Science
NPT focuses on four theoretical constructs, which characterize mechanisms that are energized by investments made by participants.
Science
This hypothesis is further supported by the presence of labeled TMne innervating the mystacial pad as well as by our electrophysiological data, which characterize neurons that specifically encode vibrissal spatial information.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Avoid using the phrase "which characterizes that" in formal writing. Opt for clearer and more grammatically sound alternatives such as "which defines that" or "that exemplifies".
Common error
The phrase "which characterizes that" often results in an awkward sentence structure. Rephrase to improve clarity and flow. For example, instead of "a process which characterizes that...", try "a process that defines...".
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
2.4/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
Relative clause modifier. The phrase "which characterizes that" attempts to specify a quality or attribute. However, as Ludwig AI points out, the phrase is grammatically incorrect and awkward.
Frequent in
Science
38%
News & Media
21%
Encyclopedias
17%
Less common in
Formal & Business
8%
Reference
8%
Social Media
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "which characterizes that" is flagged by Ludwig AI as grammatically incorrect and awkward. While intended to describe a specific attribute, it's best replaced with clearer alternatives such as "which defines that" or "that exemplifies". Predominantly appearing in scientific and news contexts, the phrase’s infrequency and grammatical issues suggest avoiding it in favor of more precise language.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
which defines that
Replaces "characterizes" with a more direct and common verb, focusing on the defining aspect.
which specifies that
Emphasizes the detailing and precision aspect of the definition.
which identifies that
Focuses on pinpointing or recognizing a specific feature or element.
that exemplifies
Highlights the use of something as a typical example.
that is representative of
Indicates that something serves as a sample or model.
which is typical of that
Focuses on the common or expected traits.
that denotes
Emphasizes the role of a sign or symbol in indicating something.
that marks
Highlights something that distinguishes or sets apart.
that is indicative of
Emphasizes the serving as a sign or symptom.
that features
Highlights prominent attributes.
FAQs
What's a better way to say "which characterizes that"?
Consider using alternatives such as "which defines that", "that exemplifies", or "that is representative of" for improved clarity.
Is "which characterizes that" grammatically correct?
No, the phrase "which characterizes that" is not considered grammatically correct and can sound awkward. It's better to use a more direct phrasing.
How can I use "which characterizes that" in a sentence?
While technically usable, it is recommended to avoid "which characterizes that". Instead, rephrase the sentence using clearer alternatives like "which defines" or "that exemplifies".
What's the difference between "which characterizes that" and "which defines that"?
"Which defines that" is a more direct and grammatically sound alternative to "which characterizes that". It offers better clarity and flow in writing.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
2.4/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested