On the other hand, our study had no untreated control group which is usually required for such intervention studies, namely because dental treatment cannot be withheld from patients who need it.
The holding of referendums, he said, "is a basic human right that cannot be withheld or restricted".
We have not included a placebo treatment group, because methylnaltrexone is already proven effective and cannot be withheld from patients for ethical reasons.
The stepped wedge design is advantageous in studies where the intervention cannot be withheld from a proportion of the population and cannot be delivered to all intervention clusters at the same time.
The tenant must also get the consent of the landlord, which cannot be unreasonably withheld.
For example, tenants with leases in buildings with four or more apartments (excluding co-ops and rent-controlled apartments) have the right to request permission to sublet, which cannot be unreasonably withheld, even if the leases specifically prohibit it.
Ofsted's original inspection report was withheld after the school – which cannot be named – won an injunction arguing that publication would cause it "widespread and irreparable damage".
"Tourism provides jobs which cannot be exported".
One camp would suggest that potentially life saving products cannot ethically be withheld from patients who may benefit.
Self-employed individuals don't have wages from which income taxes can be withheld.
The governor did not say which payments or how much would be withheld.
