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Note that the equalizer has to operate on received signals which are corrupted by AWGN.
Avempace echoes Plato and mentions his division of cities, or societies, into a perfect one and others which are corrupted (Ibn Bâjja 1946, pp. 5 6; 2010, p. 123; Berman 1963, p. 125).
The scalar y 1 ( 1 ) ( t ) and the NT,2 × 1 vector yst(t) are the observations at the primary receiver and secondary transmitter, respectively, which are corrupted by the noise processes n 1 ( 1 ) ( t ) and nst(t), respectively.
For wideband signal sources, suppose that K far-field wideband signals impinge onto an N-element array from the directions of θ 1 θ 2,…,θ K respectively, which are corrupted by additive complex Gaussian white noise.
The parameters L i and l ij are known from the geometry of the links as shown in Fig. 4. It is assumed that the M measurements are collected in every 15-min interval which are corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise characterized by ({mathbf {e}}_{t}sim {mathcal {N}}({mathbf {0}}_{M},{sigma _{e}^{2}}{mathbf {I}}_{M})).
The ratio of the noisy pixels in all the clusters compared to the total number of the pixels in each image is 26%. Figure 3 Comparison between the proposed method and other known algorithms for restoring Lena, bridge, baboon, and lake images which are corrupted with 2,601 clusters of random-valued impulse noise and each of 5 × 5 size.
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"We are not going to produce a state or society which is corrupted and tainted by paramilitarism.
According to one theory, the name derives from the nineteenth-century use of "jack" as slang for a runaway slave, and the original formulation may have been "jacks and whites," which was corrupted in the repetition.
Table 4 shows the PSNRs of denoised images which were corrupted by 20%% impulse noise.
The problem is then to filter which is corrupted by a white noise.
In a period of over 10 h, we collected a total of approximately 400,000 packets, 6000 of which were corrupted.
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