Sentence examples for whether of host from inspiring English sources

The presence of non-ergosterol sterols in certain later diverging obligately symbiotic groups within clades of ergosterol-containing fungi has raised questions about their origin, i.e., whether of host or symbiont origin, such as the rust fungi and ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes (see above).

Therefore, we investigated whether deletion of host RNF13 may affect tumor cell proliferation and lead to enhanced metastasis.

We tested whether apoptosis of host cells occurred during male death in the Drosophila- Spiroplasma system.

We further computed matrices of within and between host-species pairwise Φst[ 127] to test whether pairs of host species harbored genetically distinct groups of bacteria.

Another pivotal factor influencing the degree of defensive specialisation is whether loss of host alternation or other factors have influenced each species' innate predisposition for producing dimorphic offspring.

Considering that amastigotes exit from apoptotic-like macrophages, we investigated whether induction of host cell apoptosis would trigger L. amazonensis extrusion and its rescue by adjacent macrophages.

Second, we test whether CUB of host and virus coevolve, using the available sequence data in Bathycoccus prasinos, M icromona s pusilla, O. lucimarinus, O. tauri, and the viruses infecting them, namely BpV1, MpV1, OlV1, and OtV5.

In this study we used a common, generalist pathogen and a suite of native and non-native hosts as a model for assessing the potential for rapid evolution on individual host species, and whether patterns of host use are consistent with the hypothesis of adaptive evolution in the interaction between host and pathogen since time of introduction.

To determine whether methylation of host cell DNA is essential for bacterial survival and growth, we investigated the pharmacologic effects of two DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors with distinct mechanisms of action, 5-azacytidine and RG108, on A. phagocytophilum infection using 24 h (5-AZA) or 24, 48, and 72 h (RG108) of infection.

The aim of this study was to determine whether addition of host genetic risk factors in the pathogen recognition system could improve the prediction model of post-BM HL compared to the prediction model using clinical risk factors alone in children with pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis.

Here, we investigate whether the degree of host contact in single-sex shoals influences gyrodactylid transmission, and whether guppy behaviour is influenced by the presence of infected conspecifics.