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Results in Figure 3 shows that whether AM fungi were inoculated or not 100% apple seedlings survived under salinity stress from zero to low salt concentrations from 30 to 90 days after salt treatment.
Whether AM and VEGF act synergistically or independently remains to be elucidated.
To determine whether AM also influenced HPSC, HUVEC and MLECs, we first examined whether they expressed AM and its receptors ADMR and CRLR as measured by RT-PCR.
A number of papers have reported expression of homologues of these tomato genes in roots, shoot and leaves of mycorrhizal plants, opening the question whether AM fungi influence host immunity by modulating defense responses [ 82].
The study provides a foundation for future studies to understand the mechanisms responsible for stimulatory effects of AM injection on Leydig cells and whether AM treatment in vivo can enhance indices of male fertility.
This observation raised the question whether AM and EC were the effective cells of the TLR-mediated host innate immune response to P. aeruginosa infection?
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