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At the heart of this debate lies the vexed question of whether ability, and thus academic potential, is fixed; whether it can be can be reliably tested at any single point in a child's life; and whether it is affected by coaching, parental support and social class background.
This study investigated whether ability grouping was beneficial to Japanese university science and engineering students who had taken compulsory ESP (English for specific purposes) courses.
The Norwegian version included an additional question in the second section asking whether ability in English might be a barrier for using research-based evidence.
Patients were dichotomized into 2 groups by the median CD4 count change (-44 cells/mm) and pre-TI immune parameters in the 2 subgroups were compared as another way of questioning whether ability to proliferate to antigens in the stimulatory panel or expression of CD57 or CD28 on T-cells were differentially distributed in the subgroups with lesser versus greater CD4 decline during TI.
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Indeed, it is an open question whether abilities simply are, or at least are realized by, certain dispositions (see the 'new dispositionalist' proposals below in Section 5.2).
The aim of this study was to explore whether abilities in six different cognitive domains could predict LS in the oldest-old 3 years later.
To investigate whether preschoolers are able to identify and categorize foods, and whether their ability to classify food as healthy predicts their hypothetical food choice.
We asked whether the ability of Orai1 to activate NFAT was unique to the channel, or whether other store-operated Ca2+ channels could also recruit this pathway.
What we don't know, however, is whether that ability comes with long-term negative consequences.
For nearly as long, people have debated whether their ability was innate or learned.
It will be six months – at least – before management knows whether its ability to win contracts, especially in the UK, is damaged.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com