Of particular interest were changes that occurred to DNA during an animal's development, whereby patterns in gene expression were altered as cells became increasingly specialized in function.
ROS also plays a role in the activation of the inflammasome, an important arm of the innate immune defense, whereby pattern-recognition receptors on host cells identify danger to the host, via recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns from microbes and damage-associated molecular patterns released from injured tissue (Bauernfeind and Hornung 2013).
This could point to a scenario whereby patterns of modified histones are specified by complex mechanisms.
Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine components of variation in the data whereby patterns can be identified that discriminate samples (i.e. rim from core) [ 15, 16].
As an alternative to the candidate gene approach, Williams and Oleksiak [ 10, 11] performed whole genome scans, whereby patterns of variation across hundreds of genetic loci were contrasted between killifish populations from polluted and reference sites in order to identify genes under selection with respect to DLC contamination.
It is clear that the epigenome is altered by an age-associated epigenetic drift, whereby normal methylation patterns become deregulated with age.
We also identified many matched patterns whereby expected patterns in the theoretical framework and propositions could be matched to observed patterns seen in the comparative embedded Case study themes.
Physician profiling is the practice whereby the practice pattern of a single physician or a group is expressed as some measure of the use of resources and/or length of stay during a defined period for the population served.
We propose a de novo DNA methylation model during germ cell development whereby a pattern is established by long-range chromatic interactions through syntenic repeats combined with regional methylation spreading from methylation associated SNP clusters.
These two types of methylation patterns are reflected in the methylation averages and in entropy, whereby allelic patterns of hypomethylation yield stable levels of both methylation and entropy, whereas patchy methylation patterns are reflected in unsteady entropy levels (compare Figure 3).
This finding suggests that Notch-Delta signaling may represent one of the mechanisms whereby this patterning is established in zebrafish.
