The resulting codes may be considered as multi-layered space-time codes, whereby coding based on orthogonal designs is applied to each layer, and where the different layers are linearly dependent via some unitary transformation.
Advances in computing, data acquisition, and the discovery and design of materials have also led to the application of the principles of informatics to materials (Rajan 2005), whereby information based on the structure and property of materials and their connections are surveyed to enable MG- and ICME-type efforts.
Positive and negative predictive values were calculated for high and low fractional excretion of sodium and urea, whereby "high" and "low" where based on the median value.
This paper proposes an alternative approach whereby particle filters based on the sequential Monte Carlo method are used for the estimation task.
Everyone agrees that the Levy - the system whereby a fee (based on profits) is agreed between the betting and racing industries to pay for "the product", the main income for prize money - is outdated and Government action is called for.
Future assessments whereby risk was based on counts of specific outcomes (e.g. number of visitations to physiotherapy, days since discharge) could account for the background population at risk relative to the number of events within each geographic area.
Stover et al.[ 9] describe a new approach used in Argentina, Mexico and Brazil for their 2013 estimates whereby incidence trends, based on fits to prevalence data, are selected to better match programme estimates of new HIV diagnoses, people living with HIV and/or deaths due to HIV/AIDS.
The government, headed by its reformist prime minister, Viktor Yushchenko, wants to replace the previous system of block grants with one based on a formula whereby each region's allocation from the centre would be determined by clearly laid out criteria demography, income levels, and so on.
We've also recently introduced a revenue-share pay model whereby we pay writers based on the pageviews their work generates.
4. In a few significant instances, the analysis in the National Intelligence Estimate suffers from a "layering" effect whereby assessments were built based on previous judgments without carrying forward the uncertainties of the underlying judgments.
