On the other hand, transactional mechanisms (b) involve bilateral contractual clauses and specific investments that complement each other, since contracts specify conditions and governance measures that are not covered specifically in investments, whereas specific investments provide extra-economic incentives for an on-going relationship that may not be included in contracts.
General formats are usually more complex, since they manage a large specification to support a range of modalities, whereas specific formats do not have this complication.
Nissan LEAF's standards components will carry a warranty of 3 years or 100,000km whereas specific electric vehicle components, including the lithium-ion battery, will carry a warranty of 5 years or 100,000 km – matching European market competitive conditions.
It is observed that the temperature predominantly affects the capacitance fade during galvanostatic charging-discharging whereas specific capacitance actually increases slightly at elevated temperatures.
Lattice parameter, particle size found to decrease with increasing Cr3+ content, whereas specific surface area showed increasing trend with the Cr3+ substitution.
Using a dual optogenetic/photopharmacological strategy, silencing of hubs abolished coordinated islet responses to glucose, whereas specific stimulation restored communication patterns.
Thylakoid multi-subunit complexes can be separated in their native form with high resolution in Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), whereas specific subunit stoichiometry of these complexes can be detected with immunoblots (Takabayashi et al. 2009).
Ultrafine grains exhibit a continuous moderate growth rate, leading to continuous recrystallization, whereas specific grains experience a rapid abnormal growth up to their final size after a short incubation time.
Results: Whereas specific T-cell proliferation in the peptide group increased up to day 14, a sharp decline was observed thereafter, ending in specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness at day 80.
Moreover, specific hexose consumption rates were 20 25% lower in mannose cultures whereas specific production rates of lactate, an undesirable by-product, were 25 35% lower than in glucose control cultures.
Second order time and space discretization were adopted in the 3D and quasi-3D approaches, whereas specific coupling strategies were developed to realize the interface between them and the 1D model.
