In multilevel analyses patient-related characteristics were tested as level 1 variables, whereas setting-related characteristics represented level 2 variables.
Whereas in educational settings, items with DIF may simply be dropped or replaced, this may be less straightforward in HRQoL settings if an instrument is already established.
Whereas in other settings, e.g. tumour, vasogenic oedema is typically unrestricted with increased ADC, in this setting extracellular water has no ready drainage pathway, and this gives rise to stasis and decreased diffusion [17].
Whereas in other settings like the United States, where the quality of antenatal care may be commensurate with the level of family income, we might expect income to be a stronger determinant of perinatal outcomes, and so we might expect inequalities to be of a larger magnitude than we report.
Clinics with staff available to conduct follow-up assessment on identified patients could afford to set a low cutoff score to identify all patients who have fatigue regardless of severity, whereas clinical settings with limited resources may need to set a higher cutoff score to identify only those patients with moderately severe to severe fatigue for focused intervention.
Testworks software was used to control and specify the tensile test conditions, whereas the settings of the DIC system were defined with the DIC software, DaVis.
Whereas workout settings, which use the stick of negative self-image, shaming the participant into thinking she needs a smaller bum, thinner thighs or a flatter stomach, foster recidivism.
Background signals from autofluorescence were removed whereas contrast settings within time series were kept constant.
Whereas school settings might conveniently reach a majority of girls, this would miss out-of-school girls and girls who are absent from school on the day of vaccination.
Yet the GeneXpert machine is still confined to laboratory settings, whereas a field-portable system would offer dramatically increased access to medical diagnostics.
