Here, dedicated pilots allow per-cluster beamforming since channel estimation is performed per-cluster, whereas for common pilots channel estimation across the whole band is allowed.
For Han officials and literati, however, the new hairstyle was shameful and demeaning (because it breached a common Confucian directive to preserve one's body intact), whereas for common folk cutting their hair was the same as losing their virility.
Similar associations were observed for chronic cough (r = 0.78; p = 0.02) and conjunctivitis symptoms (r = 0.69; p = 0.04), whereas for common cold (r = 0.48; p = 0.19) and bronchitis (r = 0.10; p = 0.80), the associations across regions were weaker and not significant.
The doubling times for E. coli and yeast are only 20 min [ 36] and 2 h [ 37], respectively, whereas those for common cyanobacteria and algae are in the range of 8 44 h [ 38, 39].
Whereas for some very common study designs QATs could easily be identified based on systematic reviews, this was not feasible for other study designs and had to be done by team discussions.
Exclusion of relatively nonspecific upper respiratory infections, which might be misdiagnosed allergic or irritant effects, increased the central estimate to 1.50 and decreased heterogeneity (p = 0.07), whereas the estimate for common cold or acute upper respiratory infection was 1.38.
Most safety interventions associated with the countries' safety progress over the last decade came from the well-recognized areas of infrastructure and enforcement, whereas for some common safety problems, e.g. motorcyclist injury, driving fatigue, elderly vulnerability, prominent solutions are lacking.
For the specific random effects ϵij, we assumed an exchangeable distribution, whereas for the common random effect φi, we assessed two different specifications: an exchangeable distribution, and a conditional autoregressive distribution (CAR).
For males, similar genetic influences appear to be contributing to both intellectual and family leisure time activities (r g = 0.41, 95% CI: −0.04, 0.1.0) whereas for females common genes contributed to both social and intellectual activities (r g = 0.51, 95% CI: −0.49, 0.1.0).
Diverging estimates between observer programmes and stranding interpretation can set very different management consequences: observer programmes suggest a sustainable situation for common dolphins, whereas estimates based on strandings highlight a very worrying and unsustainable process.
Country fixed effects control for differences between countries that are constant over time, whereas year fixed effects control for common changes over time.
