The crack-free green tapes show homogenous microstructures from top to bottom with organic additives uniformly surrounding the powders, whereas cracked samples exhibit heterogeneous microstructures and non-uniform distribution of the organics.
Thermal degradation gives rise to a broad product distribution, whereas catalytic cracking over Al-MCM-41 leads mainly to hydrocarbons within the gasoline range (C5 C12) with selectivities up to 80%.
It is hypothesized that acid sites of γ-Al2O3 are responsible for coke deposition via hydrocarbon cracking, whereas basic sites facilitate coke reforming.
37 chemical gas-phase reactions and rate constants were considered to simulate the non-catalyzed methane cracking, whereas 8 chemical surface reactions and rate constants were considered for methane cracking with carbon catalyst.
Warmer mean annual temperatures lead to less damage because of the reduction in time during which it is cold enough for cracking, whereas colder mean annual temperatures are accompanied by reduced water supply due to the temperature dependence of permeability.
Experimental results indicated that the zinc coated steel samples (both thermal and tensile stressed) displayed anti-corrosion properties resisting fret cracking whereas the uncoated induced thermal and tensile stressed samples performed less.
Unique spherical microstructure, larger lattice, and higher content of Li-rich monoclinic component can be achieved in the rapid quenching process, whereas severe particle cracking along with the smaller lattice and lower monoclinic component content is obtained when natural cooling of the furnace is applied.
Older decks and longer spans showed more transverse cracking, whereas continuous span bridges and those with steel girders appeared to exacerbate transverse cracking.
Whereas, TRC samples cracked in several places during hot stamping process.
Whereas in HCF cracks nucleate at grains boundaries, during LCF cracks nucleate along intrusion/extrusions in ferritic grains and as they reach austenitic grains grow along active slip systems or by double slip system.
