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In some cases these will explicitly adopt a consistent methodology that enables comparison between sites, whereas alternatively, metrics may be developed that are designed around particular system components and the site-specific functions for which they are valued.
Classically activated macrophages (M1) exhibit a pro-inflammatory role, mediating host defense against microorganisms or tumor cells; whereas alternatively activated macrophages (M2) perform a range of physiological processes, including inflammation, wound repair and tissue remodeling.
Furthermore, classically activated macrophages are important in the clearance of C. neoformans, whereas alternatively activated macrophages may play a role in the pathogenicity of cryptococci.
The laser line 488 nm was used to excite fluo4 and D1ER, whereas alternatively wavelength 514 nm was used to excite mtDsRed.
Classically activated (M1) macrophages are activated by interferon γ (IFNγ) and microbial products, whereas alternatively activated (M2) macrophages are activated by interleukin (IL -4, IL -4 and IL-10.
Most lesional macrophages in advanced plaques display a proinflammatory M1 phenotype, whereas alternatively activated M2 macrophages are more abundant in early lesions (Khallou-Laschet et al, 2010; Waldo et al, 2008).
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M1 is associated with classical TNF/IFNγ-mediated pro-inflammatory activation; whereas the alternatively activated M2 is subdivided into the M2a stage characterized by alternative activation-anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 or IL-13) and the M2c stage as the deactivation-wound healing stage with cytokines that promote tissue repair [IL-10 and TGFβ (tumour growth factor β)].
In addition, if a source with less than 12 loudspeakers is required, it is shown that tetrahedra or hexahedra can be used alternatively, whereas the extremal system layouts are not interesting choices for omnidirectional loudspeaker arrays.
Similarly, SORL1 variant A showed a rather ubiquitous expression profile, whereas the two alternatively spliced forms of SORL1 [variants B and F (see supplementary material Fig. S1 for details)] are specifically expressed in SKNBE2 cells and are undetectable in all the other cell lines (Fig. 2B-D).
Alternatively, whereas Akt2 and GSK3β are best known for their role in glucose uptake (5), it is possible that their role in PCOS does not manifest as an alteration in androgen levels or metabolic disturbance, but in other pathways not reflected in typical quantitative traits.
This is clear in Fig. 6a as CO2 concentration is nearly constant throughout the daylight period at 950 ± 10 ppm when the greenhouse is alternatively cooled, whereas its value was preserved at 950 ppm for only 1 h when ventilation is used.
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