All adjusted for age and energy intake, whereas adjustments for hormonal use, reproductive factors, menstrual history, physical activity and other dietary variables including alcohol intake varied between studies.
First, our results are based on unadjusted estimates, whereas adjustments for factors such as age and sex would produce a more precise analysis.
As Table 2 shows, adjustments for early family adversity, childhood temperament and self-esteem each resulted in modest reductions in the odds ratios for conduct problems, whereas adjustments for age 7 reading skills resulted in slight increases.
Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Asia (DECODA), a similar study, showed similar data, with the effect of fasting glucose on risk eliminated by adjusting for 2-h glucose, whereas adjustment for fasting glucose failed to eliminate the association of 2-h glucose with CVD, CHD, stroke, and total mortality (33).
Whereas adjustment disorder has distinct clinical manifestations and diagnostic entity, few studies have investigated its underlying neural substrate.
Retrievals that combined four years of Landsat observations into a single synthetic year were affected by the inclusion of years with warmer spring temperatures, whereas adjustment of the average phenology to 2015 observations was only feasible for a few pixels due to cloud cover around phenological transition dates.
Lachin pointed out, however, that not all covariate imbalances introduce bias, whereas adjustment may itself introduce bias.
Adjustment for age at examination, time since menarche and region did not substantially influence these estimates, whereas adjustment for day of menstrual cycle reinforced them.
The positive association between shellfish intake and diabetes risk persisted with additional adjustment for total dietary cholesterol (OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.02 1.81]), whereas adjustment for total serum cholesterol attenuated the association to borderline significance (1.33 [0.99–1.33]).
Adjustment for parity, use of oral contraceptives, and history of Pap smear also somewhat diminished the OR by education level, whereas adjustment for lifetime number of sexual partners, husband's extramarital sexual relationships, condom use, and tobacco smoking did not.
In both cohorts, adjustment for potential mediation by fasting glucose levels reduced the ethnic difference by approximately 50% and statistically the difference was consistent with the null, whereas adjustment for postload glucose levels resulted in very little mediation.
