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The results show that the real tank to wheels efficiency is about 30% for HOST as a series hybrid and 79% for HOST as an electric vehicle.
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The proposed urban EV, with 27% well-to-wheel efficiency, is twice as efficient as an ICEV and the annual fuel cost of the urban EV is 6 times less than a gasoline one.
The result is a motor that is light, compact and remarkably efficient.Overall, the Tesla Roadster achieves a battery-to-wheels efficiency of 88%.
However, well-to-wheel efficiency suffers from 47%to63%3% energy loss during hydrogen production.
For a fair comparison of EV efficiency with that of ICEV, well-to-wheel rather than tank-to-wheel efficiency factors are considered.
It is also shown that a proper design for rolling noise control will not affect wheel efficiency with regard to squeal noise.
Although tank-to-wheel efficiencies of electric vehicles show that they have higher fuel economies than conventional gasoline vehicles, the well-to-wheel efficiency is a more appropriate measure to use for comparing fuel economy and CO2 emissions in order to account for the effect of electricity consumption from these vehicles.
The Tank-to-Wheel energy efficiency depends on battery charging/discharging, charger, electric motor efficiency and electronic engine management whose average Tank-to-Wheel efficiency values are as follows: 90%, 89%, 92.5% and 97% respectively in our proposed urban lithium-ion EV.
A major problem in well-to-wheel efficiency studies is that most data are based on artificial test procedures, which are also different from one region of the world to another.
GCI technology utilizing low-octane fuels has the potential to significantly improve well-to-wheel efficiency and reduce the transportation sector's environmental footprint by offsetting diesel fuel usage in compression ignition engines.
In general, tank-to-wheel efficiencies of ICEV are very low with 10%to25%5% because 75%to90%0% of the energy is lost as heat instead of propelling the car.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com