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Microbial cells plus wheat substrate were harvested by centrifugation for 3 min at 12,000 rpm, the supernatant (secretome) was recovered and tested for enzymatic activity using MUF-beta-D-xylopyranoside, MUF-beta-D-mannopyranoside, MUF-beta-D-galactopyranoside, MUF-beta-D-cellobioside and MUF-beta-D-glucopyranoside as substrates.
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The highest nitrogen content (3.12 %) and the highest protein content (13.66 %) in fruit body were found in wheat straw substrate complemented with wheat bran and soybean powder.
The measurement of sugar reducing ends released from the incubation of wheat straw culture filtrates with wheat straw substrate showed that lower enzyme activities were present in the supernatants of the cultures for the ΔxlnR, ΔclAB and ΔclrB strains with the ΔxlnR and ΔclrB strains being the least capable of releasing sugar reducing ends.
Table 6 Comparative performance of dry anaerobic digestion of cow manure and wheat straw Substrate TS ISR OLR (g VS kg−1 inoculum day−1) Temp.
The propagation of oyster mushroom on mine dump waste and wheat straw substrate considerably (p < 0.05) increased the accumulation of organic matter in the waste (Table 2).
The wheat straw substrate for the field experiments was collected from a food oyster mushroom farmer in Harare as spent mushroom compost.
The wheat straw substrate was also observed as most suitable for laccase production by T. giganteum AGHP with full colonization of substrate on the 16th day of incubation (Patel and Gupte 2016).
The lowest NIPI values of 0.11 1.65 were recorded in the replicates that received the bioremedial combinations of sterilized wheat straw substrate + dried oyster mushroom (treatment 5), indicating heavy metal contamination reduction to levels in ranges of clean to light pollution.
The wheat straw substrate was hammer-milled and soaked in clean water that was mixed with formalin (2 parts water: 1 part formalin) for 24 h to eliminate wild fungus spores and bacteria.
Consequently, dump site pits that received viable oyster mushroom spawn and ground wheat straw substrate recorded significant pH increases accompanied by considerable reductions in the concentrations of the mobile heavy metals (Fig. 2).
The results of the study show that P. ostreatus was able to sequestrate the pyritic heavy metals where the combination of wheat straw substrate + dried mushroom + contaminated soil was used as bioremediation material.
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