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The biological significance of the disulphide bridge seen in the wheat structure remains uncertain.
The two Cys residues that form a disulphide bridge in the wild-type wheat structure (PDB accession code 2IDR) are strictly conserved in plant orthologues.
A superposition of the wheat structure with chain H of the pea structure gives a root mean square deviation of 0.708 Å over 171 structurally equivalent residues (Figure 1 E).
A molecular replacement search model was subsequently created from the wheat structure using the program CHAINSAW [53], [54] with reference to an alignment of the wheat and pea sequences generated using the CLUSTALW server [55], [56].
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A four-step MABS method was developed based on 'Plabsim' computer simulations and wheat genome structure information.
Alternatively, incorporating wheat genome structure information into the marker selection scheme increases detection power of 208 markers making them equivalent to 320 markers.
Using the simulation results, as well as information on wheat genome structure [9], a four-step MABS approach was devised (Figure 2) and was used to transfer Yr15 stripe rust resistance gene from 'Avocet S*6/Yr15' to a susceptible soft white spring wheat cultivar 'Zak'.
Although our knowledge about the hexaploid wheat genome structure is increasing, it remains challenging to decipher every step leading to its large genome size of about 16 17 Gb, which includes up to 80% of repeated sequences [ 13].
In the absence of a finished quality genome sequence, insights into wheat genome structure and function have been accumulating through survey sequencing of individual chromosomes or chromosome-specific Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) libraries.
Although the exposed peduncle has been identified as one of the photosynthetically active organs in wheat, the structure of the chloroplasts and the functional events related to photosynthesis and the translocation of photosynthates during the period of grain-filling have not precisely characterised.
For example, Tetlow and collaborators [ 49] showed that in wheat, complex structures were formed through the association of be1, be2a and pho.
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