Sentence examples for wheat differential from inspiring English sources

Different pathotypes carry different combinations of avirulence genes and are characterized by their capacity to infect or not wheat differential lines with specific resistance genes.

In synthetic hexaploid wheat, differential expression of homoeoloci is rapidly established [ 42, 43], is stably inherited [ 44] and is similar to the patterns observed in natural hexaploids [ 44].

Using this information, we identified putative secreted, haustoria-enriched proteins with non-synonymous polymorphisms specifically between the two UK isolates, which only differ in virulence to two known wheat differential varieties.

We identified secreted proteins that displayed polymorphisms specifically between the two UK isolates PST-87/7 and PST-08/21 PST-08/21ly differ in virulence to twhicheat differential varieties Ronlyus (YrRob) andiffertine (YrSol).

Detailed information about the isolates used in this study are listed in Additional file 3. The virulence of each isolate was assessed on a set of 15 wheat differential lines (Table 2) with known powdery mildew resistance genes (Pm) in order to determine the virulence genes associated with each isolate.

Pst accessions are classified into physiological races based on their virulence profile on a set of wheat differential lines (Wan and Chen 2014) (e.g., Supporting Information, Table S1), whereas Pst resistance genes are classified as either race-specific or race nonspecific based on their effectiveness against different Pst races.

aStandard wheat differentials with known powdery mildew resistance genes were used.

We gratefully acknowledge James Brown from John Innes Centre (Norwich, UK) for his expertise, training and for sending the seeds of the wheat differentials.

Guo and colleagues [ 34] used isogenic lines of wheat with differential tolerance to Al and identified 28 differentially expressed genes, including malate transporters, a β-glucosidase, lectin and a histidine kinase.

The number of differentially expressed transcript tags which were detected as a result of the drought treatment (Additional file 4) are similar to those reported in other species such as rice (3097 up, 2391 down) [ 14], wheat (3056 differential) [ 15] and Arabidopsis (2059 up and 2075 down) [ 16], albeit for shorter term drought stress.

As found for stress-associated genes, microarray analyses allowed the identification of more than 1000 genes potentially associated with Al tolerance when selection was performed using only one pair of wheat lines (differential expression between Atlas66/Bounty or Century-T/Century-S exposed to Al) but this number was reduced to 69 common genes when both pairs were considered.