Six pilot-scale subsurface flow treatment wetlands loaded with primary treated municipal wastewater were monitored over one year for classical wastewater parameters and a set of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) serving as process indicators for biodegradation: caffeine, ibuprofen, naproxen, benzotriazole, diclofenac, acesulfame, and carbamazepine.
Based on wetland input output measurements, load removal efficiencies (LRE) were used to determine wetland performance.
Management of wetland sources of salt load will require the development of monitoring systems, more integrative management strategies and coordination with other entities.
Saturation kinetics (Monod or Michaelis Menten type kinetics) was determined in a supplemental microcosm study using sediments from one wetland by manipulating the loading rate.
Total cost saving (liner cost saving plus phosphorus treatment saving) of recycling FGD by-products predicted by the model is closely related to both wetland size and phosphorus loading.
This review addresses the mechanisms of phytoremediation in engineering wetland systems when reducing loads of various contaminants, as well as the application of phytoremediation as an environmentally sound technology in engineered wetland systems in both laboratory and field levels, followed by a case study of full scale application in Newfoundland, Canada.
A good performance of COD removal was obtained when the constructed mangrove wetland was operated at loading rate between 12.6 18.9 g m−2 d−1.
The metal loading to the wetland was low and the input of metals through internal loading may be more significant consequently decreasing the metal retention.
To assess mutagenic/genotoxic effect as well as to understand the composition of pollution load of Harike wetland, the present research plan was framed using short-term Ames Salmonella histidine reversion assay and plasmid nicking assay along with determining physicochemical analysis and heavy metal content.
The water flowing through the wetland system at a hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 600 mm/day displayed lower values for the temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients, whereas the electrical conductivity (EC) was higher, suggesting the accumulation of dissolved solids in the system.
