A novel application of ultrasound is for the intensification of wet textile treatments, in which mass transfer in the inter- and intra-yarn pores of the textile is the basic physical mechanism.
Advantages include more rapid wetting of textiles, less swelling, increased speed of dyeing per given amount of material, and savings in energy, because less heat is required to heat or evaporate perchloroethylene, for example, than is needed for water.
This led not only to eliminate certain ecological and technical drawbacks of some textile wet processes, but also to create innovative textiles with valuable properties.
Nowadays, all research efforts in the field of wet processing of textiles are directed towards shortening and simplification of the processing sequence.
Globally there is growing awareness about sustainable wet processing of textiles which requires equal consciousness towards economic, social and environmental relevance of the processes and products used therein.
In this context, one of the leading textile engineering research axes concerns the substitution of various textile wet processes often expensive in terms of energy, water, chemicals and auxiliaries consumptions, degradation of textile materials and/or wastewater treatment by new cleaner processes using green solvents.
In Bangladesh, the Partnership for Cleaner Textile (PaCT) brings together buyers, factories and technical specialists to improve its textile wet processing sector.
An electrically non-conductive oil-in-water liquid emulsion, called ContactAgent (CA), was used to wet out the textile electrodes.
This chapter reviews enzymatic processing methods currently used as an alternative to replace conventional textile wet processing.
So, the reduction of indigo to leuco-indigo represents a critical wet process in textile industry, which is operated worldwide on a large scale for the dyeing of denim and blue jean products.
Application of ultrasound can be incorporated with industrial dyeing machine as it reduce the need of electrolyte in dyeing [29] and it is reported that this method can be applied effectively in different textile wet processes including pretreatment and dyeing-finishing steps [30].
