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For the analyses, 257 of the 269 surveys received were used; excluded were the 11 surveys without a hospital identified (which was needed for the urban/rural comparisons) and 1 survey from the urban hospital because the respondent did not have direct patient contact.
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For alleles AHQ and VRQ, only two levels were used (excluding the homozygous genotypes) as their frequency was either too small (AHQ/AHQ, 0.68) or zero (VRQ/VRQ).
All silent sites were used excluding insertions and deletions.
Only insertions on chromosomes X, 2 and 3 were used (excluding these in heterochromatin).
If the Ith event of a sequence has an undefined magnitude, the average of (J−1) events is used, excluding the event of undefined magnitude.
Because only four variables were investigated the Joliffe criterion was used, excluding all components with eigenvalues under 0.7 [ 34].
This effect was absent when denatured rYB-1 protein was used, excluding the effects by LPS contaminants (Fig 3B).
A Backward elimination procedure was used (excluding non-significant predictors, p < 0.05) until only significant predictors remained in the model.
Control experiments using pure carbon nanoparticles were used to exclude significant surface effects.
Melting curve analyses and negative controls were used to exclude artifacts and low specificity.
Blind samples were used to exclude effects originating from packing material, glass vessels and measurement tubes.
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