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The synthesized materials were then characterized with various analytical tools.
These sandwiches were then characterized by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy.
These were then characterized by optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy.
The graded poly-L-lactide (PLLA) and gelatin fibrous scaffolds produced by electrospining were then characterized.
Coatings were then characterized for composition and microstructure using EDX and SEM.
Resultant self-assembled biopolymer complexes were then characterized by the same set of spectroscopic techniques.
The same specimens were then characterized by nanoindentation on a transverse and longitudinal plane.
The networks were then characterized by elemental analyses, IR, TGA, and X-ray diffraction.
The polymers were then characterized by elemental analyses, IR, TGA, and X-ray diffraction.
Differently pretreated surfaces were then characterized by means of contact angle measurements.
The products of Acebutolol oxidation were then characterized by liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS).
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