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When the log likelihood score reached a plateau, there was an asymmetric distribution of genotypes and some individuals were strongly assigned to populations, corroborating the presence of a real population structure [ 31].
First, the majority of individuals were strongly assigned to the population from which they were sampled, and this effect is strongest on the NPA and for locations in the southern TS, especially those within the Special Quarantine Zone.
However, only 27% of individuals of the Spanish I. elegans were strongly assigned to I. elegans (admixture proportions ≥ 90%) and one individual (from the sympatric population Alfaro) was assigned to I. graellsii (admixture proportion to I. elegans < 10%).
Further clustering did not reveal anything new about the relationships amongst the accessions either because no individuals were strongly assigned (Q > 0.8 for SSRs and Q > 0.65 for SNPs) or a lack of background information on the samples did not allow the divisions to be independently supported.
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This test was also significant at K > 7 for the SNP data, reflecting a continuous increase of the likelihood values with respect to K. When more than five inferred populations are considered, no individual was strongly assigned (Q > 0.8 for SSRs or Q > 0.65 for SNPs) to the additional inferred populations.
This was because both inter-specific (S5 and S4, Sylvestris and Rootstocks respectively) and intra-specific (Sativa: S1, S2, S3) subdivisions were detected at K = 5 and, as stated above, no individual was strongly assigned to the additional inferred populations for K > 5.
Galen's approach was strongly teleological, assigning each location a specific function and requiring balance for the proper functioning of the whole.
Furthermore, overall numbers of peaks assigned to series were strongly correlated with the total number of picked peaks in a STP sample, although series peaks dominated the measured set of picked peaks at only one location (STP ID 8, positive mode).
CTVBs assigned to individuals were strongly associated with the health and lifestyle outcomes modelled in this study.
Second, as distance to PNG decreases, individuals are much less strongly assigned to the population from which they were sampled because individual levels of admixture are increasing (Fig. 5A).
Homework was assigned weekly, and students were strongly encouraged to work together to complete the extensive problem sets.
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