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We decided to further examine the role of TNF by testing whether the TNF receptors TNFR1 (p55) or TNFR2 (p75) were required to cause LPS-induced gut injury.
Similarly, lower concentrations of the Trichoderma-derived enzymes were required to cause obvious cell wall damage in germlings of Penicillium digitatum.
Symptoms used to make the diagnosis were required to cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or some other important area of functioning.
Recent studies have reported that fewer MSSA cells were required to cause the same rate of death in mice than MRSA cells, indicating the higher pathogenicity of MSSA than MRSA [ 39].
28 Doses several orders of magnitude higher than those used to treat malaria were required to cause negative inotropy in isolated guinea pig heart 29 and hypotension in rabbits, 28 all suggesting a very wide therapeutic ratio, and this is in line with the negative findings in this study.
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While this would seems good news, the number of jobs available remains well below what is required to cause the unemployment rate to fall.
No one would dream of doing the kind of research necessary to determine how many spores are required to cause an anthrax infection, since it would require giving people the disease.
Outside observers could be excused for thinking little is required to cause uproar in Scottish football circles, but the unveiling of Maurice "Mo" Johnston from Nantes to Rangers in 1989 seems to be the daddy of all JFK moments.
Bishop called to the stand a number of medical experts, many of whom testified that an immense force would have been required to cause the injuries that Rew had suffered.
Since radiation of at least a thousand times the natural "leak" would be required to cause serious effects on the human body, the scientists announced that people could enter Hiroshima without any peril at all.
This type of progeria is hereditary and is transmitted as a recessive trait (two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, are required to cause the disease).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com