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Specifically, electrocutaneous stimuli were randomly delivered to the sural nerve at one of five intensities (50% pain threshold, 75% pain threshold, pain threshold, midway between pain threshold and pain tolerance, pain tolerance) at five intervals (0, 150 , 300 450, and 600 ms) after the R-wave of the electrocardiogram.
To blind the subject to stimulus intensity, intermittent sham stimuli were randomly delivered.
In Germany, approximately half of the baits were randomly delivered by aircraft, and the intervals between two baiting actions varied from 2 to 4 months.
In each session, eight undefended and eight defended prey were presented in a sequence in which two undefended and two defended prey were randomly delivered in every four presentations (this ensured that prey were equally distributed across the daily session).
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TMS was randomly delivered in half of the trials.
When 2 stimuli were delivered, they were aligned along the proximal distal axis of the body region studied, whereas the single stimulus was randomly delivered within the same skin area.
In line with this the lip MEPs are enhanced even when TMS pulses are randomly delivered during continuous speech, not time-locked to "liparticulated" phonemes (Murakami et al., 2011; Watkins et al., 2003).
The possibility of accommodation to the vibratory stimuli was avoided by randomly varying the frequency of stimulation after each trial; frequencies of 50, 60, 70 and 80 Hz were randomly arranged and then delivered in the same order for all participants.
Mice were randomly grouped and vectors were delivered into the submandibular glands by retrograde instillation as previously described [ 22] (AAV2-LaZ: 1 female, 5 males and AAV2-CTLA4IgG: 2 females, 5 males).
Women about to deliver vaginally were randomly allocated to receive 600 mcg misoprostol orally or 10 IU oxytocin (IV or IM) with corresponding identical placebos.
Women who were delivered at term were randomly selected as control subjects.
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