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The Red Flag and the Psychosocial Alarm Questionnaires used in the current study were previously translated into the Malay language and had been validated for use in the local population.
However, if the noncoding sequences were previously translated at low rates, with the most strongly deleterious cryptic polypeptides purged by selection, then de novo gene origination would be more plausible.
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All tools had been previously translated into Swedish, Norwegian and Italian and checked for accuracy by back translation [ 3].
The scale had been previously translated into Arabic and validated [ 27].
This system was previously translated into Spanish and successfully used in pediatric patients [ 15].
Most of them had been previously translated into Portuguese and validated to the Brazilian cultural context.
The questionnaire has been previously translated and validated in Spain [ 19].
The WOMAC has been previously translated and validated in Spanish [ 11, 17].
The WOMAC was used to test construct validity as it has been previously translated and validated in Spanish [ 13, 22].
This scale has been previously translated into various languages and is widely used in research and clinical practice (2, 3).
Hence, any selected satisfaction questionnaire needs to be previously translated, culturally adapted and validated in the targeted population [ 7].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com