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The substrates tested here were pretreated by three of the leading pretreatment technologies (IL, DA, and AFEX pretreatments) currently under investigation by US Department of Energy (DOE) bioenergy research centers.
An agricultural residue (corn stover), softwood (Douglas-fir) and hardwood (hybrid poplar) chips were used as feedstocks and were pretreated by SO2-catalyzed steam pretreatment.
Lignocellulosic feedstocks were pretreated by SO2-catalyzed steam and/or EO pretreatment as described previously [ 29].
Tissue sections were pretreated by standard protocol using the VP2000™ slide pretreatment instrument (Abbott Molecular).
Softwood (Douglas fir and lodgepole pine) and hardwood (hybrid poplar) chips were pretreated by either SO2-catalyzed steam or ethanol-organosolv pretreatment under the conditions shown in Table 1 and as previously described [ 19, 25].
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared by chemical vapor deposition, were pretreated by ball milling, chemical activation and ammoxidation and the influence of the pretreatment on their electrochemical capacitance was investigated.
Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with methanol.
The plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile.
The polar monomers were pretreated by alkylaluminum before the polymerization.
The obtained AC samples were pretreated by adding into HNO3 solution with 24 h.
Prior to polymerization reaction, graphite nanoparticles were pretreated by ultrasonic dispersion.
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