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Sham surgeries are difficult to justify ethically, yet they have been successful in showing that accepted surgical procedures were not efficacious.
However this was not observed for ceftriaxone where no synergism (or even more collaboration) of ceftriaxone and specific antibiotics was demonstrated (total t>MIC values of 20.6% were not efficacious regardless the presence or not of specific antibodies).
Antioxidants magnesium, Ginkgo biloba and Coca leaf products were not efficacious [ 5, 17].
However, monoclonal anti TNF antibodies and TNF receptor fusion proteins were not efficacious for IBD in AS patients.
A recent crossover RCT concluded wedged shoe insoles were not efficacious in patients with medial knee OA [ 1].
In our hands, cholesterol-conjugated antagomirs were not efficacious in inhibiting expression of miRNAs or their target mRNAs following intrathecal delivery.
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A recombinant glycoprotein D vaccine yielded a 38 42% efficacy in HSV1 seronegative women, yet was not efficacious at all in men and in HSV1 seropositive women (Stanberry et al., 2002).
Glucocorticosteroids are not efficacious.
Medical therapy although useful in reducing the severity of other symptoms of endometriosis such as pain and menstrual disorders, is not efficacious to improve fertility.
However, this is not efficacious in all HR-MDS-MSCs; samples HR261 and HR325, which were obtained from patients in < 1 year before disease transformation leading to death were only partially responsive to AZA therapy.
Posterolateral visualization directly with the camera and via the anterolateral portal is efficient and associated with minimal morbidity but was not efficacious in the cohort evaluated.Level of Evidence:Level II.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com