(Routes that weren't approximated were those directly connecting Denver to the San Jose area, the Houston area to Albuquerque and Jacksonville, the New York area to Nashville, and Boston to the Chicago area).
The curvature of the fluid/fluid interface is not approximated according to the lubrication approximation in order to create a well-defined set of equations in the sense of Hadamard.
The advantage of the proposed design method consists in that the delays are not approximated but fully considered.
Also, in contrast to the original quasi-discrete model, the contributions of individual components are not approximated by the distribution function of carbon numbers.
Using this definition, the ({mathbf {W}}^{rm T}{mathbf {W}}) operation is not approximated well by a shift-invariant convolution operation.
It should be noted that the steady state MSE is high because of the error caused by the fact that the nonlinearities are not approximated (actually they are modeled by the identity function) (Equation (25)).
In the noniterative approach [11] the distribution of interference is not approximated as Gaussian but modeled via uniform triangular densities which, however, leads to an only minor performance gain.
Numerical examples are presented to show that even very simple problems, including basic problems in fluid dynamics, are not approximated well by schemes with anisotropy artificial viscosity, regardless of numerical parameters.
The novelty with respect to the considerations presented in literature consists in the fact that the free surface is not approximated as in [1, 6], by an arc with constant curvature, and the pressure of the gas flow introduced in the furnace for releasing the heat from the tube wall is taken in consideration.
However, the steady state depicted in Figure 2B in the right lower panel was not approximated by spectral methods, illustrating their limitations.
