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Ct values of all samples were normalised by reference gene expression and by average wild-type gene expression before being converted to fold expression differences.
All results were normalised by urinary creatinine.
The miRNA expression levels were normalised by comparison with RNU6B.
Variances were normalised by average Ktrans values and responses were normalised by the growth rate and drug response of homogeneous tumours with the same mean.
Peak intensities of the CYP307A1 and CYP6M2 bands were normalised by the peak intensity of S7.
Growth rates were normalised by generation and averaged, as in [ 17].
Gels were normalised by reference to total intensity on the gel and replicate groups created from replicate gels (n = 3).
Signal intensities were normalised by comparison with the expression of housekeeping genes, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and beta-actin.
Probes were normalised by quantile normalisation among all microarray data.
Data from each microarray study were normalised by global normalisation.
Intensity data were analysed using Partek® software (Partek Inc .. Data were normalised by quantile normalisation and log2 transformed.
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