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Patients with eczema/dermatitis (n = 17) and anaphylactoid purpura (n = 6) were enrolled as control groups.
The health subjects, who have not any major underlying diseases or take any medicines including antioxidant agents, were enrolled as control group.
Ten volunteers with no documented cardiovascular disease, no diabetes and no medication use were enrolled as control group for comparison on baseline measurements.
Fifteen age-matched healthy controls (HC, mean age 53 ± 7 years; 6 males and 9 females) with no history of chronic infections, cancer, or autoimmune diseases were enrolled as control cohort.
Both TBM and paradoxical TBM-IRIS were diagnosed according to published case definitions [ 4, 10]; ART-naive HIV-infected patients without meningitis who presented with symptoms and/or signs necessitating a lumbar puncture were enrolled as control participants.
Twenty-five and and sex-matched normotensive healthy individuals (13 females, mean age; 37.4 ± 8.8 years) referred from outpatient clinics of the Internal Medicine Department of Necmettin Erbakan University were enrolled as control subjects.
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Unaffected individuals who were in close contact with cases (household contacts such as spouses and partners, and relatives such as parents and siblings) were enrolled as controls.
A total of 180 African Americans and 110 Caucasian adults without history of TB, autoimmune disease, or other infectious diseases were enrolled as controls.
Well meal companions, defined as persons who ate meals at either Restaurant A or B with confirmed case-patients but who did not develop diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, or vomiting during the 7 days following the meal, were enrolled as controls.
Five healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls.
Besides, eight normal hamsters were enrolled as controls.
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