These two models were contrasted for each gene partition separately (ITS, mtSSU, nuLSU) across the whole ingroup of parmelioid lichens, as well as across five selected, well-supported major clades within parmelioid lichens, which are Hypotrachyna 1, Hypotrachyna 2, Melanohalea, Parmotrema and Xanthoparmelia [ 21, 29] to determine rate differences within these clades.
Fixed and random station surveys were modeled separately, and their results were contrasted.
In the second, manipulation, experiment the previously subdominant specimens that became dominant (N) from 2 h, 48 h and 1 week, were separately contrasted with the dominant profile from Experiment 1 as indicated in the N/D contrasts in Figure 1 (see Figure 2A for representative genes and Figure S1A for the full set).
In models assessing the dose response for depression, we combined none/minimal and mild into the reference group against which moderate, moderately severe, and severe were separately contrasted.
These five Gabors were separately contrasted against a sixth predictor (the fixation baseline) to discover areas of peak activity for each Gabor position.
Within the "biological process" annotation, gene classes (412 in total) were separately contrasted with all other classes using t-tests on standardized coefficients.
First, in a direct approach designed to map the cortical representation of stimulus features, the central and peripheral flickering stimuli were separately contrasted with a blank field.
Associations between demographics and current severe depression (MDD, Dysthymia and "Double Depression") and Depression NOS are shown in table 5. Severe depression and depression NOS were separately contrasted to no depression and severe depression to Depression NOS.
As there was differentiation among the European samples, data from genetically homogeneous subgroups of them were each separately contrasted with the samples from the Bering Sea and Asian Pacific.
