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Counts per minute (cpm) were considered directly proportional to the number of U937 cells adhered to HUVEC.
Levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, were considered directly or indirectly contributing to cardiac dysfunction [ 4].
Other life-history traits studied here were considered directly (clutch size, tadpole environment, nuptial spines and egg pigmentation) or indirectly (habitat) related to reproductive modes in frogs.
The relative risk (RR) was used as the common measure of association across studies, and the hazard ratio and incidence rate ratio were considered directly as RR.
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There are no historical examples that could be considered directly comparable.
The document, prosaically entitled Decision on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms, promised that environmental protection would be given more importance in the performance evaluation of local and national officials, and that local officials would be considered directly responsible for pollution.
Viscous and capillary stresses are considered directly at the interface.
Turn-up and turn-down are considered directly within the optimisation.
To our knowledge, raw image sensor information has never been considered directly.
The reduced solids flux phenomenon also has been considered directly by introducing a system dependent exponent in the correlation.
IR is different, since the results of interventional procedures can be considered directly as outcomes under existing models.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com