The formed Gd Au DENPs were characterized via different techniques.
The hybrid materials were characterized via SEM, TEM, and DMA.
Cu loading and release were characterized via ICP MS, EDX, XPS, and elemental analysis.
Second, the optical properties were characterized via ultraviolet visible (UV Vis) spectrophotometry.
The as-prepared AuNPs were characterized via UV-vis, XRD, FTIR, EDX, DLS, and TEM.
The chitin rings were characterized via TGA, FT-IR, SEM and XRD analyses.
The PVA hydrogels were characterized via tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy respectively.
The formed Gd Au DENPs-FA probes were characterized via different techniques.
Electrospun mats of these materials were characterized via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
The basic PSU polymers were characterized via NMR, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetry (TGA).
Biochars were characterized via elemental analysis, BET-N2 surface area (SA), FTIR and 13C NMR.
