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The water-repellency of the coated surfaces were characterized by measuring static water contact angles (WCAs).
The prepared membranes were characterized by measuring permeability, porosity and contactangle.
The particles were characterized by measuring their densities, diameters, Young's moduli and coefficients of restitution.
Reverse microemulsions were characterized by measuring the conductivity of the solutions.
The resulting polyimides were characterized by measuring their solubility, viscosity, mechanical properties, IR-FT, and thermal analysis.
The resulting networks were characterized by measuring the volumetric swelling ratio and mass loss profiles with degradation time.
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Transmission measurements: The transmission of pristine FLG and FeCl3-FLG is characterized by measuring the bright-field transmission spectra.
MSC spreading was characterized by measuring the cell area in actin filament fluorescence images.
The system dynamics have been characterized by measuring the Lyapunov exponent and the correlation dimension.
Pectin was characterized by measuring its methoxylation degree, intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight.
The former is characterized by measuring true surface area in combination with SEM and STM imaging.
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