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Seronegative samples were assigned a titer of 14 for calculations.
Samples that were negative on hemagglutination inhibition assay in the lowest dilution (1 10) were assigned a titer of 1 5 for the purposes of computing seroconversion.
Samples that were negative by HI were assigned a titer of 1 5 for computational purposes in obtaining a geometric mean titer (GMT) or seroconversion rate.
Serum specimens with no reactivity in the first dilution (<8; considered negative) were assigned a titer of 4; serum specimens that showed titers >1,024 were assigned a numerical value of 1,024 for statistical analysis.
For statistical purposes, samples with a titer <10 were assigned a titer of 5. Calculations of 50% endpoint plaque-reduction neutralization titers (PRNT50) were made by using log probit paper and the method of Russell et al. (24 ).
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Samples that scored negative at the lowest dilution tested (1 20) were assigned a HI titer of 10.
For calculation, negative titers were assigned the value of half the minimum detectable titer, and titers greater than the final dilution were assigned a value 2× the largest titer.
Titers <10 were assigned a value of 5. GMT of duplicate titers derived as individual titers and group GMTs derived by age and overall.
Non sero-converted samples were assigned an arbitrary titer of 1. Two-sided 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the anti-HPV-16 titer ratios (Nanopatch™ divided by comparison group) were calculated on the log10 transformation of the ratio between titers under comparison using the Fieller's theorem [53].
Values below the limit of detection (1∶10 titer) were assigned a value of one-half the lowest dilution tested (i.e., a value of 5) when calculating geometric mean titer.
For the purpose of calculations, negative titers reported as <10 were assigned a value of 5, while high titers reported as greater than or equal to a given value were assigned a value corresponding to the next 2-fold titer; e.g., the value of ≥1,280 was assigned a value of 2,560.
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