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The younger group, 27 children aged between 4 and 9, were assessed indirectly, by means of parent assessment, while the other children were assessed directly using a self-report questionnaire and a semi-structured interview.
These criteria were assessed directly or by means of specific indicators, generating maps that were subsequently aggregated through spatial multicriteria analysis.
For the first objective, all of the farms (n = 23) that used this system for more than 3 years were assessed directly using a questionnaire.
The antifibrotic effects of baicalein were assessed directly by hepatic histology and indirectly by measuring levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic hyaluronic acid, laminin and procollagen type III (PCIII) in serum, as well as hydroxyproline and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in liver.
Socio-demographic variables were assessed directly after the first consultation (Table 2).
All variables, except for mother's stress level, were assessed directly through specific questions.
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A study has demonstrated how arthroscopy can assess the quality of reduction but needs a surgeon experienced with the arthroscopic technique [57, 58]; the argument is that if reduction is assessed directly, arthroscopic assessment prolongs anaesthetic and surgical time.
Viability was assessed directly before and 24 h after treating with test solutions using the resazurin-based PrestoBlue assay.
The residual localized contamination was assessed directly on the internal surfaces in contact with the food product.
By probing OLEDs as a function of depth, key parameters including emissive layer composition and interface quality can be assessed directly.
The performance was assessed directly by visual inspection of the PET data and indirectly by assessing the inter-subject variability in baseline BPND, convergence and residuals of the competitive binding modelling and the drug EC50 estimation.
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