Riders in Tokyo were asked to refrain from taking calls at peak hours.
Participants were asked to refrain from all other treatments for OA, including medications.
Also, they were asked to refrain from consuming caffeine and nutritional supplements on the testing day.
They were asked to refrain from strenuous physical activity and caffeine intake 24 h prior to exercise.
All participants were asked to refrain from physical exercise, alcohol, and supplement consumption 24 h before blood retrieval [18, 29].
Participants were asked to refrain from eating and drinking two hours prior to saliva collection in order to obtain a relatively constant baseline.
Moreover, to avoid transient increase in protein excretion, all subjects were asked to refrain from unusual physic activity the day before urine collection.
All subjects were asked to refrain from unusual physical activity the day before urine collection, to avoid transient increase in protein excretion.
Subjects were asked to refrain from eating or drinking anything other than water for one hour before sample collection.
Briefly, semen was collected from patients who were asked to refrain from ejaculation for 2 5 days prior.
All volunteers were asked to refrain from alcohol consumption the night before and coffee intake the morning before scanning.
