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In principle — with large, well-powered studies, involving perhaps tens of thousands of animals — genetic testing could be used to predict the risk of common diseases affecting millions of pets, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes and epilepsy.
In a series of 7 well-powered studies using self-report, informant-report, and observational data, we hone in on a core feature of authenticity that we term "realness" that is general, relatively stable, unidimensional, mostly but not universally adaptive, and focused primarily on behavioral expression.
Despite extensive well-powered studies and the emergence of targeted therapy, 5-year survival rates in HNC remain at approximately 50% [2].
Time and resources often prevent us from performing large well-powered studies but as long as the limitations of the study are borne in mind when interpreting the findings then the conclusions will not be misleading".
Intuitively, if well-powered studies that search the entire genome for associations find only tiny effects, then the large effects found in many of these candidate gene studies with much smaller sample sizes are likely false positives.14 We believe that despite the ease in which this research can be undertaken, candidate gene studies are unlikely to convince many in the research community.
However, given the limited evidence, these observations require further confirmation in well-powered studies.
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The right panel of Figure 4 offers an alternative perspective on this power improvement, being the sample size required to perform a well-powered study (80% chance of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis).
"Replication should preferably be conducted in independent data sets to avoid the tendency to split one well-powered study into two less conclusive ones".
When planning most scientific studies, one of the first steps is to carry out a power analysis to define a design and sample size that will result in a well-powered study.
Of note, splitting one well-powered study frequently results in two less conclusive ones [20].
However one recent well-powered study by Elks et al. found a modest association between an obesity risk score comprising alleles from FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, GNPDA2, KCTD15, NEGR1, BDNF and ETV5 (SFRS10) loci and BMI at birth in 7,146 individuals.
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