Though a number of procedures are well established for switchgrass plant transformation, evaluation of the transgene expression may take several weeks.
It is well established by NIH/3T3 cells transformation assays that PDGFB, but not PDGFA, is a potent transforming growth factor [ 4, 5], suggesting that the transformation process is mediated by PDGFRB.
It is well established that during malignant transformation, significant changes can be observed in the structural and mechanical properties of respective ECM components.
To date, it is well established that cell immortalization and transformation induced by Tax and Rex proteins encoded by HTLV-1 genes constitute major events related to uncontrolled CD4+ T cell growth and proliferation [ 41, 42].
It is now well established that to trigger cell transformation, the genome of the high-risk HPV 16 and 18 viruses has to integrate into the DNA of host cells [ 3- 5].
On the other hand, the tobacco transformation procedure is well established and transgenic plants/seeds can be relatively easily obtained.
dgk-2 encodes a diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase, and cooperation between activating mutations in RAS and DAG-activated signalling pathways in mammalian transformation assays is well established (Castagna et al, 1982; Nakamura et al, 1989).
Although several molecules are associated with thyroid carcinogenesis, their role in malignant transformation has not been well established yet.
Upregulation of p16INK4a and downregulation of pRb are well established and frequent cellular consequences of HPV transformation, and were added here for a stringent definition of HPV-driven tumours.
However, it is also well established that during the process of malignant transformation, loss of H3K4me3 occurs at TSSs of genes that undergo transcriptional inactivation as a result of promoter hypermethylation [ 2, 3].
The transformation of D. officinale is well established and has a shorter regeneration time.
