It is well established that expression traits are heritable (Skelly et al. 2009).
It is well established that phenotypic traits in populations of the same species can vary among geographic locations [ 21] and citations therein.
The issue of the relationship of genetic effects on personality variables to clinical conditions is well established for personality traits such as neuroticism (being shy, moody, anxious and sad) representing a vulnerability factor for depression (Felten et al. 2011).
For an imprinted trait, the breeder's equation generally overestimates the true response to selection, a result well established when a trait is known to exhibit dominance.
Root characters have been well established as drought resistance traits in peanut.
Although it is well established that bone size traits are under the strong genetic control, genes involved in their determination are poorly characterized.
49 Furthermore, it is beneficial that the sample is a 1-year birth cohort, as it is well established that some psychiatric traits, such as harm avoidance 57 of temperament, are age-dependent.
AMD is a common trait with well established genetic risks.
The STAIC-T is a well established self-report measure of trait anxiety in children.
The prominent role of second-site mutations and environmental factors that enable resistance to (or buffer against) disease traits has been well established in a multitude of model organisms from yeast to mice (4 7).
While dispersal by megafauna might select for specific fruit traits, it is well established that seediness and seed mass are also subject to multiple ecological influences [32], [76].
