Note that it is well established that speech sounds regularly used to distinguish concepts (for example the vowels [i] and [y] in French) are themselves easier to distinguish, whereas sound distinctions that do not serve a linguistic role in one's language may not be perceived as well and elicit reduced acoustic-phonological brain responses (Näätänen et al. 1997; Diaz et al. 2008).
The role of the LH in processing syntactic and semantic information of speech is well established (for a review, see Friederici & Alter 2004; Lindell 2006), and the increased naturalness of the speech at shallower modulations could shift the hemispheric balance toward the LH.
In bipolar disorder, whereas the variation in speech fluency is well established [ 74, 75], there is a paucity of data relating to the acoustic properties associated with pressured speech during manic episodes.
Over 30 years of active research in speech recognition has yielded a core set of tools for feature extraction, training, and recognition, that are well established as the cornerstone of successful speech recognition systems.
The importance of appropriate glottal models in the synthesis of natural sounding speech has been well established [22, 23], and the modification of glottal voice quality factors has been shown to be significant for the synthesis of emotional (expressive) speech [24].
The relationship between mood and certain physical variables extracted from speech is also well established.
Unsurprisingly, the earliest use of HMMs for event classification involving human motion in video was in the sports domain [4] because, much like speech, many sports have well established rules and are highly structured.
The words were derived from an already established speech-in-noise test.
That speech acts, as speech acts, are governed by norms, is again a well established idea.
It is well established that audio-visual interactions can shape the apparent content of speech [3] and improve the sensitivity of speech recognition [9].
