It is well established that reduction in body size within any mammal species incurs only limited reduction in brain size.
The role of serum cholesterol in predicting first coronary events is well established and reduction of serum cholesterol decreases the risk of CAD (Castelli et al 1986; Martin et al 1986; Anderson et al 1987; Pekkanen et al 1990; Law et al 1994a, 1994b; Gotto Jr 1998).
More than a decade after the initial reports of positive effects on pathology and cognition produced by Aβ immunization in TgAPP mice [ 114], it is now well established that reduction of plaque volume and restoration of functional deficits in TgAPP mice can be achieved by both passive and active Aβ immunotherapy [ 56].
It is well established that reductions in physical activity increase the risk of T2DM in all ethnic groups.
The city's needle exchange programs are well established and harm reduction is well integrated in Seattle's approach to local drug problems.
The city's syringe exchange programs are well established and harm reduction is well integrated in Seattle's approach to local drug policy.
The optimum growth temperature for P. pastoris is usually defined as 28 30°C, however, it is well established that a reduction of the temperature to e.g. 25°C can significantly improve recombinant protein productivity without hampering growth [ 16].
It is well established that a reduction in the sAHP in CA1 and CA3 neurons accompanies acquisition of hippocampus-dependent learning, whereas increases in the sAHP are correlated with cognitive impairment (reviewed in Disterhoft et al., 2004).
For example, it is now well established that a reduction of flow-mediated artery dilation in human subjects is a preclinical sign of endothelial dysfunction and an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events [ 3].
A study of key markers of placental development at E15.5, when the placental phenotype was well established, revealed significant reductions in the expression level of genes that are either required for, or primarily expressed in, the junctional zone of the placenta (Fig. 3A).
Under a somewhat liberal though well established interpretation of Nagelian reduction, there is a sense in which reduction is compatible even with emergence, that is: a theory about "novel behavior" (and, thus, emergent behavior) can be deduced from another theory (Butterfield 2011a&b).
