These prevalence rates are average figures based on the total population and it is well established that prevalence of diabetes varies by population groups.
Here reported strong positive and negative associations with both het-FMR1 genotypes further suggest a possible role of the FMR1 gene in regulation of these "functional" autoantibodies and, therefore, possibly, in contributing to the well established higher prevalence of autoimmunity in females in comparison to males [42].
For asthma and psychological morbidity, it is well established that higher prevalence among males in childhood is replaced by higher prevalence among females by adolescence.
However, during the past decade it has become well established that the prevalence of spinal pain in children is high [ 4, 5] and that the prevalence is gradually increasing during adolescence to approximate adult levels at the age of 18 [ 5, 6].
To evaluate whether the recommendation to offer a pacifier once lactation is well established reduces the prevalence or duration of breastfeeding.
It seems well established that the prevalence of long-lasting pain is higher among women than men [ 3- 5, 7, 13].
It is well established that the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis, and patterns of postmenopausal BMD loss vary in a predictable manner with respect to race/ethnicity--e.g.
It is well established that the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are greater in patients with type 2 diabetes than in the general population [ 1– 4].
It is also well established that the prevalence of anxiety and fear-based disorders is higher in women [ 16– 19] and that the brain regions noted above are sexually dimorphic [ 20– 20].
Women are at a two-fold greater risk of developing depression compared to men [ 4, 5] and though it is well established that the prevalence, incidence, and morbidity risk for females is greater throughout life, the underlying mechanisms of this sex difference are relatively undefined.
It is well established that the incidence, prevalence and presentation of mental disorders differ by gender, ethnicity and age.
