Although its protective effect has been well established, its efficacy is quite variable and far from ideal [5].
Although the important role of phasic lung volume input in mediating respiratory-ventilator entrainment is well established, the efficacy of the Hering-Breuer reflex in humans remains controversial.
Despite these recent conflicting findings, the protective effects of these agents are well established (their efficacy is further evaluated in another review in this supplement [ 54]).
Although the role of angiogenesis in its progression is well established, the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy is not clearly proved.
Surgical treatment, on the other hand, has well established its efficacy and consists of posterior, anterior, or double anteroposterior approach, fusion, decompression, or osteotomy [ 6, 7].
38 While associations among these behaviours and well-being are well established, the efficacy of interventions to change such behaviours and their subsequent impact on well-being are not.
In addition, a number of OTC agents have established efficacy in well-controlled trials in TTH and migraine, including acetaminophen (APAP) [10] and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) [11] and ibuprofen (IBU) [12, 13].
Ciprofloxacin remains the only quinolone to date based on multiple, head-to-head, well-controlled, published trials to have established efficacy and safety in a severely ill patient population at approved doses.
The procedure has established efficacy and provides pain relief as well as functional improvement [ 1- 3].
