The well established contribution exercise makes to reducing risk of a range of diseases such as coronary heart disease, a range of cancers, stroke and type 2 diabetes as well as reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety is also highlighted.
While the contribution of epicardium to SMCs and CFs is well established, contribution to ECs and cardiomyocytes is still debatable (Merki et al., 2005; Christoffels et al., 2009).
Certain multigenic regions with rare yet recurrent inherited or de novo CNVs (genomic disorder loci such as 15q11.2-q13 duplications and 16p11.2 deletion/duplication), as well as rare variants disrupting single genes (such as NRXN1), have a well established contribution to ASD etiology.
There is well established significant contribution of HIV/AIDS to maternal mortality in developing countries including Uganda but the predicting impact of HIV/AIDS on maternal mortality is not well documented.
Although the pivotal role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in cell motility and consequently in cancer metastasis in several tissues is well established, the contribution of CXCL12 via its receptor CXCR7 is less understood.
While the efficacy of IFN-α/β in prophylaxis against SARS-CoV infection has been well established, the relative contribution of IFN-λs in the epithelial defense against SARS-CoV infection has yet to be explored.
The role of neutrophil influx in acute gouty arthritis is well established, while the contribution of monocytes (MNs) and their secreted inflammatory mediators is not.
The role of KRAS and BRAF mutations has already been well established in their contribution to resistance to anti-EGFR agents [ 8], but no role in response to irradiation has been demonstrated [ 9, 10].
The vulnerability of the human central nervous system to environmental chemicals has been well established, but the contribution these exposures may make to problems such as attention deficit disorder, conduct problems, pervasive developmental disorder, or autism spectrum disorder remain uncertain.
Role of oxidative stress is well established in OA; however, contribution of NOX in this process is still poorly documented.
Although an essential role for histone-modifying enzymes in these processes is well established, defining the specific contribution of individual histone residues remains a challenge because many histone-modifying enzymes have nonhistone targets.
