It is well established that molecular adaptation of carp to environmental changes is coordinated through accurate regulation of gene expression [ 19, 20].
The role of a semi-conserved pentapeptide at the C-terminus of some MCPs, and first observed in the E. coli high abundance receptors Tar and Tsr (NWETF) [ 71], has a well established role in sensory adaptation by mediating efficient receptor methylation and demethylation [ 7, 71- 74].
However, it is well established that significant morphological adaptations in muscles require months of intense training [ 42, 46], whereas gains in strength and muscle mass after 16 weeks of intensive strength training in untrained subjects could be maintained or even improved for months with one weekly training session in young adults [ 43].
Whereas Ca2+-dependent light adaptation is well established [ 2, 17, 19], our analysis indicates for the first time how sampling by microvilli leads inevitably to adaptation by stochastic saturation of transduction units.
The accuracy of recently introduced chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) blocks is not well established, and marginal integrity and internal adaptation are not known.
It is well established that GCs, although critical for adaptation to stress, can have adverse effects on the nervous system when secreted in excess.
Islet adaptation to obesity is well established in rodents, where islets compensate for insulin-resistant states by increasing beta cell mass and function to maintain normoglycaemia [ 3].
The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1 α) in cellular adaptation to hypoxia has been well established 1.
There will always be some differences between time-periods and settings, and in many cases, cross-cultural adaptation is recommended even for well established questionnaires.
We conclude that the genetic potential for expressing and regulating the senescence syndrome and deploying it as an adaptation to oligotrophic conditions was well established in the earliest land plants.
It is well established today that the principal mediator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia, the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF -1, is of pivotal importance for survival and growtHIF -1st of chondrocytes durisg cartilage develofment as well as energy generation and matrix synthesis of chondrocytes in healthy as well as osteoarthritic cartilage.
