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Amid mixed messages about problems and progress, the effort — called a "top kill" — continued for a third day, with engineers describing a painstaking process of trying to plug the hole, using different weights of mud and sizes of debris like golf balls and tires, and then watching and waiting.
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Open image in new window Fig. 6 Mud weight of drilling mud at elevated temperatures.
If lower degrees of certainties (e.g. 70%) will not threaten the integrity of the wellbore, a much extended range of mud weights may be implemented.
Deterministic evaluations of wellbore stability are therefore conservative as they estimate much smaller ranges of mud weights that can be safely applied during wellbore operations.
As the stability criterion is marked up, there emerge clearer delineations indicating ranges of mud weights at which the wellbore is considered able to maintain its integrity.
This means that provided design and operating procedures are able to incorporate higher risks, a wider range of mud weights can be utilised during drilling and extraction.
Where stability criteria and an acceptable degree of uncertainty have been established, the range of mud weights that can be safely applied without jeopardising the condition of the wellbore can be readily ascertained.
Thus an upper bound of mud weight is derived.
At 95% level of certainty, the mud window is 21 41 MPa, which still accommodates more values of mud weight.
The developed procedure was then applied to the drilling data of directional wells to show the dependence of mud weight on the inclination and azimuth of the well.
We then use Mogi Coulomb failure criterion for predicting wellbore stability and determining of mud weight window and stress distribution around the wellbore wall.
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